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Theory and
Key Theorists
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How learning occurs
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Key Principles
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Best used to teach
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Learning Activities
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Behaviorism
Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Thorndike
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A change in behavior
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- Observable behavior is learning focus
- Environment influences learning
- Reinforcement is key
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Clinical Skills
Procedural Skills
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Simulation case scenarios
Observation of skills
Using templates & rubrics
OSCEs
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Cognitive
Neisser
Sweller
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Cognitive processes, e.g., memory, perceptions, info processing
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- Structuring, organizing, and sequencing information in the mind to facilitate optimal processing
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Build useful knowledge structures
Clinical reasoning skills
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Case discussions (OMP or SNAPPS)
Develop illness scripts
Concept Maps
Memory Aids
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Constructivist
Piaget
Vygotsky
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Making connections between new and existing knowledge
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- Learner is active participant in process
- Faculty must activate learner’s prior knowledge
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Critical Reflection and Meaning
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Reflection
Debriefs
M&M Conferences
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Social
Bandura; Lave and Wenger; Brown and Duguid
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Observations of and interactions with others within the learning environment
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- Emphasizes human relationships
- Learning through observation and participation in social contexts
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Interpersonal and Communication Skills
Attitudes
Values
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Case Studies
Mentoring
Role Modeling
One-on-One teaching
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Humanist
Rogers
Maslow
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Individual development and Self-directed learning
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- Motivation fueled by desire to achieve full potential
- Learners assume responsibility for learning
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Projects
Portfolios
Problem-based learning
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Adult
Knowles
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Know relevance
Feedback
Real-world experiences
Active learning
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- Learner understands own responsibility for learning
- Past experiences are valuable
- Internally motivated and ready to learn
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Providing patient care
Developing diagnosis and therapeutic plans
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Outpatient and Inpatient settings
Case Conferences
M&M Conferences
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